The Picos de Europa (literally: Peaks of Europe) is a range of mountains some 20 kilometres inland from the northern coast of Spain, located in the Autonomous Communities of Asturias, Cantabria and León, forming part of the Cantabrian Mountains. It consists of three major massifs - Central, Eastern and Western (also known as the Picos de Cornión). The Central and Western massifs are separated by the one and a half kilometre-deep Cares Canyon (Garganta del Cares), with the village of Caín at its head. The waters in the Cares mostly arise from cave resurgences. Much of the water in the Cares river has been diverted into a hydroelectric scheme, with a closed canal running in the northern wall of the gorge to Camarmeña. An access path next to the canal provides a spectacular walk.

The rocks are almost all limestone and glacial action has contributed to create an extremely impressive area of alpine karst. The highest peak is Torre de Cerredo, with an altitude of 2,648 metres. Many others reach altitudes of over 2,400 m. The area is popular with mountaineers, climbers and mountain walkers. There is a good network of well-established mountain refuges. The best-known climbing site is the Naranjo de Bulnes. The Picos de Europa contain many of Spain's deepest caves, including Torca del Cerro (−1,400 m), Torca los Rebecos (−1,255 m) and Sistema del Hito (Xitu) (−1,135 m). Discovery of new caves and their exploration still continues.

The Picos support a dwindling group of shepherds who move up from the valleys in the summer with their sheep, goats, cows, and an occasional pig. The area is famed for its piquant cheeses, such as queso de Cabrales , traditionally matured in caves. Bears and wolves live in the remoter regions. Rebeccos (mountain deer) are fairly frequently seen; Choughs and buzzards are common. Most of the region is now protected as a single Picos de Europa National Park in Cantabria, Asturias and León provinces of Spain; the Asturian part was Spain's first National Park. Access is via minor roads to each of the three massifs from the north and from the south to the aerial tramway at Fuente Dé and to Caín at the head of the Cares Canyon.